O mamă, un tată și încă cineva…Trei părinți și un copil. Nu este începutul unui roman science-fiction, ci povestea adevărată a unor copii care s-au născut în Marea Britanie, având material genetic de la trei persoane. Este rezultatul unei tehnici medicale revoluționare menite să salveze vieți. Doi experți de top din cadrul Rețelei de Sănătate Regina Maria explică metoda și ce înseamnă ea pentru viitorul metodelor de reproducere umană asistată.
Opt copii, cel mai mare având acum vârsta de 2 ani, trăiesc astăzi sănătoși datorită fertilizării in vitro (FIV) cu trei părinți, tehnică denumită și terapie de substituție mitocondrială (MRT – mitochondrial replacement therapy). Medicii au reușit prin folosirea noii tehnici să prevină moștenirea unor boli grave, transmise de obicei de la mamă la copil, făcându-i fericiți pe părinții care altfel nu și-ar fi putut vedea visul împlinit.
De ce este nevoie de al treilea părinte?
Părinții biologici dau mai departe „esența” copilului – trăsăturile fizice și personalitatea –, iar donatoarea oferă doar un mic fragment de ADN, cel din mitocondrii, care asigură energia celulelor.
„Fiecare dintre noi moștenim jumătate din informația noastră genetică care se află în nucleu de la o mamă și cealaltă de la tată. În plus, mai există și o mică cantitate de ADN care se găsește în mitocondriile din citoplasmă, responsabile pentru sinteza energiei celulare și care are origine strict maternă”, a precizat conferențiar dr. Andreea Cătană, medic primar genetician.
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